UMWUKA NUKO UMUJYI WA GISAGARA
- 《Abababaye, Abababaye》 Na Victor Hugo
Gutera ni uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bisanzwe bisukwa mubibumbano, birimo umwobo wuzuye wuburyo bwifuzwa, hanyuma ukemererwa gukomera. Igice gikomeye kandi kizwi nka casting, gisohoka cyangwa kivuye mubibumbano kugirango birangize inzira. Mu mateka yose, ibyuma byakoreshejwe mu gukora ibikoresho, intwaro, n’ibintu by’idini. Amateka yo guta ibyuma niterambere birashobora kuva muri Aziya yepfo (Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Pakisitani, nibindi) hamwe nibikorwa byimyaka 7,000. Abakera ba kera barokotse ni igikeri cy'umuringa kuva 3200 mbere ya Yesu.
1300BC, Inkono ya Simuwu Urukiramende mu Bushinwa ifite ibiro 875kgs igaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwa tekiniki n'ubuhanzi. Irerekana ibyagezweho cyane mu ngoma ya Shang （1600-1046 mbere ya Yesu）.
800BC, Jade yitwaje inkota y'icyuma nicyo gikorwa cya mbere kizwi cyane mu bucukuzi bw'icyuma mu Bushinwa, kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu gihe cy'icyuma.
Ahagana mu 1400, imbunda n’amasasu nibyo bicuruzwa bya mbere bikozwe mu Burayi. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora kuri barrale ryagereranyaga no kubumba hakoreshejwe inyandikorugero, rimaze gutezwa imbere mu guta umuringa mu myaka yo hagati. Nyuma yubuhanga bwo gukora ibibyimba byakoreshejwe mugitangiriro kugirango bikurikirane amasasu, hakoreshwa uburyo buhoraho bukozwe mubyuma.
Hagati mu kinyejana cya 15 ibintu nk'imiyoboro y'amazi n'inzogera byakorwaga mu cyuma. Imiyoboro y'amazi ya kera cyane yashizwemo kuva mu kinyejana cya 17 kandi yashyizweho kugirango ikwirakwize amazi mu busitani bwa Chateau de Versailles 1664.Ibyo bingana na kilometero 35 z'umuyoboro, ubusanzwe uburebure bwa m 1 hamwe n'ingingo zifatanye. Imyaka ikabije yiyi miyoboro ituma igira agaciro gakomeye mumateka.
Inganda zikora ibyuma by’Ubushinwa zatangiye mu ntangiriro ya za 90, ku nkunga ikomeye y’ishyirahamwe rishinzwe gutanga amazi mu mijyi mu Bushinwa ryateye imbere vuba.
Hamwe niterambere ryumuryango nubukungu, Ubushinwa buzwi nkuruganda rwisi muri iki gihe, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bikozwe mubushinwa bwarazamutse cyane.
Muri iki gihe, isi ikora ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi ni Ubushinwa. Umusaruro wa casting umaze kugera kuri toni zirenga miliyoni 35.3 muri 2019, urenga Amerika mumyaka myinshi kandi iza kumwanya wa mbere kwisi. Buri mwaka Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bugeze kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 2.233, kandi amasoko akomeye yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni Uburayi, Amerika, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibindi bihugu. Hamwe n’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’isi ndetse n’ubufatanye bw’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, kugira ngo duhuze icyerekezo gishya cy’ikigo gikora inganda ku isi cyimukira mu Bushinwa, dufite ibisabwa byinshi kandi biri hejuru ku bwiza no mu rwego rw’ibicuruzwa, kuzamura urwego rw’ibicuruzwa, kongera ingufu z’ibidukikije, no kuzamura ibidukikije, no kurengera ibidukikije, no kurinda ibidukikije.
